Upregulation of Drd1, Penk, and Pdyn mRNA expression was confirmed in the 4 week A. versicolor exposed midbrain tissue, highlighting that gene expression important for neurotransmission was affected by repeated A. versicolor inhalation exposure. PMID:34098774
Another 5 midbrain preparations were carried out to evaluate calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), proenkephalin (PENK), SP, and cholecystokinin (CCK) expressions by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT qPCR). PMID:31794788
The mRNA levels of POMC, PENK and PDYN were decreased in the hypothalamus and the midbrain after food deprivation, whereas the mRNA levels of PENK and PDYN, but not POMC, were decreased in the ventral striatum. PMID:26454026
Finally, in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), PENK expression correlated negatively with singing behavior. PMID:25264575
Finally, in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), PENK expression correlated negatively with singing behavior. PMID:25264575
The midbrain dopamine (DA) cell death underlying Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with upregulation of pre enkephalin (pENK) in striatopallidal neurons. PMID:24750443
Expression of the mu opioid receptor (MOR), preproenkephalin (PENK), and the dopamine transporter was evaluated in the hypothalamus and reward circuitry (ventral tegmental area, prefrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens) in adult and late embryonic brains. PMID:23924601
These findings were associated with lower TH and higher DAT gene expression in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra, and with lower PENK gene expression in the caudate putamen (CPu), accumbens core (AcbC) and accumbens shell (AcbSh) in PDYN KO. PMID:21966993
In conclusion, our results indicate neuroadaptations in the PDYN but not PENK gene expression in rat limbic forebrain during heroin self administration. PMID:19100723
Up regulation of NAc PENK in Met/Met heroin abusers was accompanied by impaired tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA expression in mesolimbic dopamine neurons. PMID:18184800
Altogether, the data suggest that dysfunction of the opioid reward system is significantly linked to opiate abuse vulnerability and that heroin use alters the apparent influence of heritable dopamine tone on mesolimbicPENK and TH function. PMID:18184800
Voluntary ethanol consumption altered mu opioid receptor function in the cingulate cortex, caudate putamen (CPu), nucleus accumbens core (Acb C) and shell (Acb S), the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra, proenkephalin (PENK) in the piriform cortex, olfactory tubercle, CPu, Acb C and Acb S, ventromedial nucleus (VMN) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in PVN, cannabinoid CB(1) receptor (CB1 R) in the CPu, hippocampus and VMN, and serotonin transporter (5 HTT) in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. PMID:17063152
The present study demonstrates that prenatal morphine exposure on gestation days 11 18 differentially alters proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and proenkephalin (pENK) mRNA in the hypothalamus and limbic system of adult male and female rats. PMID:15140157
Spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal produced time related significant alterations in gene transcription: (i) decreased (20%) tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA levels in the ventral tegmental area and increased (50%) in substantia nigra; (ii) increased proenkephalin (PENK) gene expression more than 100% in caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex; (iii) increased (20 40%) pro opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. PMID:12641731